Kosova is one of the most impoverished areas in Europe. The approach, however, for calculating poverty rates adopted, in all good faith, by the international community, has resulted in unrealistically high overall poverty rates and questionable relative rates between ethnic groups, urban and...

When analyzing the factors of income inequality, first as many factors as possible have to be included in order to obtain valid results. The present article systematizes the factors of income inequality discussed in the pertinent empirical literature into six groups and summarizes the hypotheses...

We examine the long-term trend of income inequality and the effects of redistribution policies over the past two decades in Japan. The key findings are as follows. First, more than half of the widening inequality is attributable to population aging and declining household size. Notably, the...

Using kernel density estimation and mixture models, household size-adjusted income distributions in Italy are cross-sectionally examined over the period 1987-2002. A non-parametric test is used to assess the number of modes in the distributions. Evidence shows that income tends to cluster around...

It is shown that the total amount of income earned during a reference period can be expressed as the products of components of bivariate Pareto distributions. The exact distribution of the total amount of income P = XY and the corresponding moment properties are derived when (X, Y ) follows...

The goal of this paper is to define a multidimensional poverty score for each household belonging to the same society in order to answer the following question: is it possible to characterize poverty, as it is income, by analyzing the nature of an associated probability density function? Based...