The classical economists defined national wealth as the sum of goods with exchange value. Lauderdale, a contemporary of Adam Smith, drew a distinction between private riches, the classical definition, and public wealth, the sum of all goods with use value. Public wealth included abundant...

The field of economics has been historically a discipline that emphasises men as the primary social actors within the economic sphere of the world and national developing economies. Although women make an extraordinary contribution given the paucity of economic resources available to them in...

The starting point of the paper is the finding that the Gross National Product (GNP) entails in growing proportions, economic activities that are not real benefits of the economic process, but in fact, incremental costs of production and consumption. The paper examines the empirical evidence for...

Although many economists have tended to agree with Schumpeter that most research and innovative activities will tend to be conducted by large, monopolistic firms, empirical studies do not provide clear evidence to support this conclusion. Part of the problem in resolving this conflict, it is...