Abstract Our study illuminates the impact of international trade on environmental quality in lower-middle-income countries by using CO 2 emission as the proxy for environmental degradation. Using the Pooled Mean Group estimation along with validity tests, the results show that in the long run,...

abstract The paper considers the problem of allocating resources to economic goods and military goods (protecting property rights) in a contest model under an anarchic system which can be defined by the absence of a common superior authority to each state. I characterize the equilibrium and...

Abstract This paper seeks to examine the potential influences AI may have on the right to a fair trial when it is used in the courtroom. Essentially, AI systems can assume two roles in the courtroom. On the one hand, “AI assistants” can support judges in their decision-making process by...

Abstract This paper analyses the outcomes of the cases resolved under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code of India to examine the treatment of admitted claims for the two main classes of creditors i.e. operational and financial creditors. It shows that, at an aggregate level, operational creditors...

Abstract During past two decades government of Pakistan has made prominent attempts to transform its financial system through various reforms. Being chief element of macroeconomic policy, financial reforms are anticipated to fetch considerable economic benefits mostly through efficient...

Abstract The Government of Pakistan introduced smoking ordinance about health warning in 2009. This ordinance exhibits, prohibit smoking in public places, put restrictions on advertisements, and prohibits sale of cigarettes to minors. This study is to find out the impact of smoking expenditures...

Abstract Recent increases in automation and unemployment have aggravated income inequality in India. Thus, it is imperative for policy-makers to cut down on inequality and unemployment while promoting planned automation. This paper proposes a joint solution to reform India’s taxation framework...

Abstract The 2011 National Nutrition Survey of Pakistan revealed that 51% of the country’s population was consuming less than 2,100 calories a day. In the backdrop of rising food insecurity, hunger, and malnutrition in Pakistan, this study aims to measure the effects of indirect taxation on...

Abstract Following the COVID-19 pandemic, many Asian countries have allowed virtual shareholder meetings. These meetings can not only prevent the spread of infection but also lower companies’ costs and facilitate shareholders’ participation. However, in virtual meetings, shareholders may...