Purpose With specific big-data mining worked on 61,522 firm announcements, we discovered a diverse Employee Share Ownership Plan (ESOP) model in China, called “Core-Staff-Based ESOPs.” Distinct from standard broad-based or executive-based ESOPs, these specific targeted-broad-based ESOPs...

Purpose This paper offers a new perspective on the potential motivation for the adoption of employee ownership based on market power. Employee ownership may be linked to market power, either through contributing to firm growth that leads to market power or through industry leaders adopting...

Purpose This paper examines the relationship between employee involvement in decision-making (in particular codetermination) and corporate social responsibility, i.e. extra-financial or environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. Design/methodology/approach Literature review was...

Purpose From the first PEPPER report in 1991 until this PEPPER V Report the EU has not only expanded from 12 Members States to currently 27 but also faced complex and urgent challenges. Both the financial crisis of 2008/09 and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic 2020/21 have left...

Purpose As this article reports, in recent years most legislative activities focused on start-ups, with as many as 12 European Union (EU) Member States having introduced tax incentives for employee share ownership (ESO) in this type of small and middle-sized enterprise (SME). But incentivising...

Purpose Opinions drafted by the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC), and reports and studies by the European Parliament and 2014 and 2018 Resolutions on employee financial participation (EFP) emphasised the growing importance of EFP, particularly with respect to small and medium-sized...

Purpose This article provides an overview of the different measures promoting EFP schemes that are in place across the EU-27 and the United Kingdom and classifies Member States according to a “success score” given to each measure. “Success” is measured by the degree to which both soft...

Purpose “The latest available cross-country data presented in the PEPPER V Report (Lowitzsch and Hashi, 2024) can be viewed by examining EFP in and of itself as an isolated subject or it can be viewed in a much wider set of contexts. Widening the lens in order to examine EFP in the context of...

Purpose With a third of business successions failing, the EU is still confronted with a haemorrhage of around 150,000 enterprises and 600,000 jobs every year. Although 30 years of research have confirmed the positive effects of employee share ownership (ESO) for European enterprises and its...

Purpose This case study presents an ESOP-owned holding company, Folience, describing the company’s history and holding company structure and strategy. The purpose is to highlight several advantages of the ESOP-owned holding company and concludes with lessons learned and suggestions for...