Urban toll cordons are operated in three Norwegian cities (Bergen, Oslo, and Trondheim). Both technically and in terms of fulfilling stated objectives, the toll cordons have been a success. Revenue from tolling has reached or exceeded expectations and projects financed by toll revenue have been...

The value of travel time savings (VTTS) is a critical parameter in transport project appraisal and through its application produces the dominating user benefit, typically 60 per cent of traditionally quantified user benefits. Beesley's work in the 1960s laid the foundation for much of the...

Southwest Airlines is frequently credited with having an important influence on the success of airline deregulation in the United States. This paper uses an original set of competition variables to estimate the extent of that influence in 1998. The estimated savings - due to actual, adjacent,...

In the transport sector, environmentally based pricing schemes are still quite uncommon. The obvious lag can be explained by technical implementation problems as well as the limited acceptance of advanced pricing schemes in transport. This paper deals with one of the rare examples where an...

The pleasant environment of Stockholm may have influenced people to be very concerned about increasing car traffic. Steps taken in the 1970s to diminish car traffic were insufficient. The introduction of some form of road pricing became the only way to meet the goals of politicians in this...

Within the context of transport cost functions, network variables have been traditionally used to calculate what is called economies of scale (RTS) as opposed to those of density (RTD). This paper argues that increasing network size is unambiguously associated with an increase in the number of...

The effects of road pricing on transport and location patterns have been much discussed. However, it is unclear how large the effects are, and whether relocation of households, workplaces and shops will counteract or amplify the effects on transport. In this paper a model of a generic symmetric...

Michael Beesley (1999) was critical of the approach used in the UK to regulate its major airports. In the case of Heathrow, in particular, he argued that price-cap regulation was inappropriate. In this paper David Starkie, after examining some unusual economic characteristics of the airports...

This paper provides a comprehensive economic analysis of scheduling decisions in airline networks. Although it is widely believed that the growth of hub-and-spoke networks has raised flight frequencies, the only analysis of this question is contained in a recent paper by Berechman and Shy...