In the derivation of common travel demand models, it is customarily claimed that the main assumptions are based on microeconomic theory. However, the author investigates whether they are made mainly to justify existing models. The economic implications of the assumptions are not fully discussed....

Counties are responsible for local public transport in Norway. The prevalent form of organisation is that private companies operate on net-cost contracts for the counties. The county authorities determine both the fares and the level of service. Competitive tendering is permitted and the threat...

The external costs of road transport have been on the top of the transport policy agenda for almost a decade. While the discussion has been centred around the environmental costs, it emerges that the external accident cost is often the main component. Here the theory of accident externality...

© The London School of Economics and the University of Bath 2001

? The London School of Economics and the University of Bath 2001

Many European regions do not have traffic models that have been calibrated on data for that specific region. For such national and regional authorities that would like to have a first approximation of the travel demand impacts of changes in car cost and car travel times, the outcomes of the...

We examine the bias involved in adopting inefficient reference states as the basis for appraising road investments. User benefits from highway schemes are estimated with respect to both unpriced networks and ones subject to marginal cost (congestion) pricing on all links. We show from the...

This paper draws on the results of various projects undertaken by the European Commission regarding transport pricing reform in Europe. It begins with an account of current European policy and practice. It then considers the issue of measurement of marginal social cost, the remaining...

Standard practice in econometric estimation of the value of travel-time changes divides travellers into market segments and assumes linear utility functions in each category. Here instead we derive a RUM-model from a second-order approximation to the utility function. The model is estimated by...

This paper is concerned with the interrelationships among household incomes, urban development patterns, car ownership, tripmaking and modal choice and with appropriate policy responses to what are still perceived as growing problems associated with rapid increases in car ownership and use. To...