The income of the self-employed is often assumed to be understated in economic statistics. Controversy exists about the best method for estimating the extent of under-reporting and about the resulting measures of the size of the underground economy. This paper refines a method developed by...

An examination of the public pension and social security schemes in Pakistan reveals that the provision of regular pensions is limited to formal sector employees only. A number of social security schemes that are operational in the public and private sectors cover a small proportion of old-age...

Thailand is a middle-income country with per capita income of 134,343 baht or US$3,887 in 2007.1 It was once an agrarian economy, but with the pace of development, its economy now relies more on industry and services. As a result, employment in these sectors has been increasing. With the move...

This paper constructs a data set on purchasing-power-parity (PPP) adjusted skilled and unskilled wages in 139 countries for the period 1968-1998, based on the International Labor Organization's (ILO) annual October Inquiry and the Freeman and Oostendorp (2000) Occupational Wages Around the World...

Like voters (the represented), politicians (the representees) are the heart and soul of representative democracy. But isnt being a politician just like any other job? After we get past the rhetoric, is politics any different than other occupations? In the political sector, voters, parties and...

In India, the out-of-pocket health expenditure by households accounts for around 70 percent of the total expenditure on health. Large out-of-pocket payments may reduce consumption expenditure on other goods and services and push households into poverty. Recently, health insurance has been...

This paper investigates the question of wage inequality in Indian manufacturing in the years of trade and investment liberalization. The objective is to test the hypothesis of skill biased technological change (SBTC) due to capital-skill complementarity and the impact of labour regulations on...

The paper analyses the impact of the reach of communist parties, the degree of political activism, personal attributes of workers, and industrial characteristics on the individual decision to unionise for Indian non-agricultural regular workers using micro data from the 2004-05 Employment and...

This paper analyzes the differences in the export behavior of domestic and multinational firms in the Indian auto component industry. Three types of firms are identified according to ownership : purely domestic and licensees, domestic joint ventures and joint ventures with majority stakes by the...

Extending the literature on monopsony in academic labor markets, we find that faculty pay is inversely related to seniority in both cross-sectional and longitudinal data sets for a large public university in the United States. Fixed-effects results indicate that the negative relationship cannot...