Formalism persists everywhere despite 100 years of critical legal theory. The reasons for that are sociological and political and include the persistence of the separation of powers idea as a central concept for the theory of law. In Brazil, this phenomenon manifests itself acutely for two...

The biblical David vs. Goliath paradigm plays out very frequently in international trade disputes. In 2003, a tiny island state, Antigua and Barbuda (hereafter Antigua) took on the United States (hereafter U.S.) in a WTO (World Trade Organization) dispute, alleging that the U.S. violated the...

This article provides an original analysis about the unbalance present in the World Trade Organization from its very origin, taking the Agreement on Agriculture as an explicit example of it. The reflection is done through a case study on the distorting domestic subsidies in agriculture allowed...

This paper examines the nature of exceptions and limitations in copyright law for the purposes of the use of copyrighted materials for education. It looks at the existing national and international regime, and argues for why there is a need for greater exceptions and limitations to address the...

This paper examines new ways of direct state intervention in Brazil's financial environment, which has a prevailing development bank (state-owned financial institution) BNDES (National Economic and Social Development Bank). The main purpose of the article is to describe the new role and legal...

In 2005, India amended its Patents Act, 1970 to introduce TRIPS compliant product patent regime. Generally speaking, law and policy makers in India during the time of the amendment were confronted with two major concerns viz. the future of the Indian pharmaceutical industry and access to...

With the South Asian Free Trade Agreement, South Asian countries are now looking towards deeper integration of the region. In reality, South Asia is far from realizing its full trade potential. One of the critical factors preventing South Asia from achieving its full potential is the absence of...