This paper argues that John Maynard Keynes had a targeted (as contrasted with aggregate) demand approach to full employment. Modern policies, which aim to close the demand gap, are inconsistent with the Keynesian approach on both theoretical and methodological grounds. Aggregate demand tends to...

Over the last two centuries in Latin America a Washington Consensus development strategy based on integration in the global trading system has dominated both domestic demand management and industrialization "from within." This paper assesses the performance of each from the point of view of the...

This paper seeks to explain the causes and consequences of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis, and how this crisis has led to a generalized credit crunch in other financial sectors that ultimately affects the real economy. It postulates that, despite the recent financial innovations, the...

Iran's constitution emphasizes social justice and obliges government to provide a job for every citizen. But in fact, the government's duty to provide jobs has shifted to government support for a measure designed to create new employment opportunities through subsidized loans to the private...

Recently, national newspapers all over the world have suggested that we should reread John Maynard Keynes, and that Hyman P. Minsky provides a valuable framework for understanding the world in which we live. While rereading Keynes and discovering Minsky are noble goals, one should also remember...

Since Christopher Sims's quot;Macroeconomics and Realityquot; (1980), macroeconomists have used structural VARs, or vector autoregressions, for policy analysis. Constructing the impulse response functions and variance decompositions that are central to this literature requires factoring the...

This paper argues that institutionally rich stock-flow consistent models - that is, models in which economic agents are identified with the main social categories/institutional sectors of actual capitalist economies, the short period behavior of these agents is thoroughly described, and the...

This paper presents new evidence on the links between public-infrastructure provisioning and time allocation related to the water sector in India. An analysis of time-use data reveals that worsening public infrastructure affects market work, with evident gender differentials. The results also...

This paper sets out to investigate the forces behind the so-called global capital flows paradox and related dollar glut observed in the era of advancing financial globalization. The supposed paradox is that the developing world has increasingly come to pursue policies that resulted in current...

There is now widespread recognition that in most countries, private-sector investment has not been able to absorb surplus labor. This is all the more the case for poor unskilled people. Public works programs and employment guarantee schemes in South Africa, India, and other countries provide...