Abstract We find an undiscovered effect of geography on the choices of writing system in ancient civilizations that in turn drive their courses of historical evolution. The history of the ancient civilizations was driven by the causation spirals generated by the writing system chosen by their...

Abstract Thailand’s rice-pledging scheme of the Yingluck Shinawatra government is a policy which has been widely criticized by both the opponents and the supporters of this scheme. After operating this scheme for almost 3 years, the problems derived from this policy have been emerging...

Abstract This case study demonstrates the far-reaching impact on product quality when private firms were legally recognized and allowed to operate with their own brand names. Previously, when the private firms were forced to affiliate themselves with a governmental organization to get around the...

Abstract The question is why the Great Enrichment of 4,000 or 10,000 percent increase in material scope per person, 1800 to the present, awaited 1800. The answer lies with ideas, ideologies, sociology, habits of lip, conversation, ethics – in short, how people viewed each other. They began...

Abstract This paper attempts a character study of China’s economic system under Mao to uncover changes and continuities between Mao’s economy and post-Mao Chinese economic reforms. While some historical roots of China’s market transformation can be readily traced back to Mao’s era, it...

Abstract Herbert Spencer (1820–1903) wrote on the emergence of railroad corporations and corporate governance matters. Since Spencer is typically considered a staunch libertarian, the fact that he expressed some criticisms over the emergent corporate capitalism might surprise many. But what...

Abstract What did Coase teach about “The Social Cost Controversy” in the classroom? In 1972, an important year in the development of the economic approach to law, Coase taught “The Problem of Social Cost” and some important critiques of it, making his classroom a model of the market for...

Abstract The concepts of free will and uncertainty are inseparably intertwined. This interdisciplinary essay, instead of expounding upon the technical difference between risk and uncertainty (as classically delineated by Frank Knight), assumes that both words bring to mind the same general idea...