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For firms manufacturing convenience goods there are three branding policies available, a proprietory brand policy, a retailer brand policy and a mixed brand policy. A firm's choice depends on differences in demand and promotion costs between the proprietory and retailer brand markets. This can...

This paper uses input-output analysis to measure the impact of oil supply bases and oil construction on the economy of Shetland. The output, income and employment created in each local industry by oil activities is measured. Oil industry multipliers are derived. Possible negative effects of oil...

The pharmaceutical industry has failed to defend itself effectively against criticisms of its economic behaviour, because it has largely failed to understand the factors affecting its own economic structure. These concern the importance of competitive research and pricing, and the need to...

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