This paper measures the extent to which prices exceed marginal costs in the U.S. natural gas distributionmarket during the period 1991-2007. We find large departures from marginal cost pricing in all 50states, with residential and commercial customers facing average markups of over 40%. Based...

This paper discusses methods for the harmonization and combination of large-scale patent and trademarkdatasets with each other and other sources of data. Dictionary- and rule-based approaches to the consolidationof applicant names in patent data are presented and shown to have both benefits and...