At the UNFCCC COP21 in 2015, Parties decided that a New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance shall be set prior to 2025, from a floor of USD 100 billion per year, taking into account the needs and priorities of developing countries. The ad-hoc work programme on the NCQG commenced...

The Paris Agreement is underpinned by Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in which Parties set out how they plan to support the Agreement’s long-term temperature goal. Parties are to submit their next NDCs by early 2025, informed by the first global stocktake (GST1). The GST1 sets out...

The first global stocktake (GST1) of collective progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement will conclude at COP28. How the final stage of GST1 is organised, who is involved and how the final outputs are structured can influence the success of the process. This paper explores how to...

The Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) was established at COP26 to urgently enhance mitigation ambition and implementation in this critical decade. This paper explores how the MWP could build on and amplify relevant existing efforts, within and outside the UNFCCC, to trigger the rapid scale up of...

Parties established the Mitigation Work Programme (MWP) at COP26 to ”urgently scale up mitigation ambition and implementation” to help reach the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement. At COP27, Parties further fleshed out the MWP, which will be operationalised each year between 2023-2026...

This paper explores what the first global stocktake (GST1) under the Paris Agreement could usefully do in relation to two elements of its mandate on adaptation, namely, to review the adequacy and effectiveness of adaptation, and to enhance the implementation of adaptation action. This paper also...