The impacts of the war in Ukraine will be felt severely within OECD economies, especially in border regions on the front-line of the humanitarian refugee crisis. The economic impacts, in particular those driven by rising energy prices, will also be spatially differentiated, affecting some...

Given the unprecedented number and unique profile of Ukrainians fleeing their country in a short time following its invasion by Russia, as 50% of refugees are children, host country schools are facing challenges to increase their capacity and address the needs of the new refugee students. For...

This note examines which regional economies in Europe are most exposed to rising gas prices on the basis of their dependency on gas intensive manufacturing sectors such as chemicals or basic metals. Based on OECD calculations we find that the employment shares of the most gas-intensive...

Severe disruptions to global markets caused by Russia’s war on Ukraine have exposed vulnerabilities to the security of the supply of raw materials critical for industrial production and for the green transition. These supply chain vulnerabilities are the result of export restrictions,...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has placed a heavy burden on host country schools and teachers. Indeed, refugee students need support beyond the development of academic skills, including assistance to integrate into the host society and support for the well-being. The challenge of providing this...

This policy response analyses the main consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine, inflicting significant damage to Ukraine’s economy, undermining macroeconomic stability and degrading its productive capital. The policy response argues that Ukraine’s forward-looking recovery and...

The historic mass outflow of people fleeing the unprovoked Russian war of aggression against Ukraine has placed significant pressures on the reception capacities of OECD and EU countries. Ukrainian refugees face a variety of settlement-related challenges. Perhaps the most pressing of these...

Russia’s large-scale aggression against Ukraine on 24 February 2022 has forced millions of Ukrainians to flee the country. This historic mass outflow, unseen in Europe since World War II, has sparked an unprecedented mobilisation of institutions and host communities in OECD countries to offer...

To support its most vulnerable citizens in the context of the Russian large-scale aggression against its territory, Ukraine needs both immediate actions and long-term policies. The war is exacerbating pre-existing disadvantages of children, women, elderly people, and people with disabilities. In...

The Russian Federation’s large-scale war of aggression against Ukraine is causing severe disruptions to Internet connectivity, that has been increasing rapidly across the country over the last decade. The digital delivery of public services, with new “state-of-the-art” services launched...