The EU Methane Regulation (MER), effective as of August 4, 2024, introduces new obligations for domestically produced and imported crude oil, natural gas, and coal. While compliance with new import requirements primarily falls on European Union (EU) importers, their ability to meet them hinges...

This study applies a robust techno-economic framework to explore four key decarbonisation pathways – unabated steam methane reforming (SMR), SMR with carbon capture and storage (CCS), biomass-based hydrogen (BIOH₂), and renewable hydrogen via alkaline electrolyser cells (AEC) – across 52...

Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas sector is one of the easiest and lowest cost measures which can have a significant impact on global warming prior to 2050. Since 2022, pledges and initiatives by governments and companies have resulted in progress in relation to awareness,...

Renewable hydrogen has emerged as a cornerstone of the European Union (EU)’s plan to decarbonize hard-to-abate sectors. However, like other regions, the EU is facing a demand issue as offtakers have been reluctant to sign offtake agreements given the high costs of renewable hydrogen. Renewable...

Hydrogen produced with minimal or no carbon emissions is often expected to become an important tool for meeting climate objectives and decarbonising national economies that currently mostly rely on fossil fuels. Despite initial expectations, it seems unlikely that clean hydrogen will be used by...

This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the historical evolution and the current state of the aviation industry, with a particular emphasis on the critical need for this sector to decarbonize. It delves into emerging propulsion technologies such as battery electric and hydrogen-based...

Contracts for Difference ('CfDs'), previously mainly known as financial hedging instruments, are increasingly seen as the method of choice for incentivising investment in clean energy technologies. In the power sector, the CfD mechanism has emerged as the preferred arrangement to provide the...

E-fuels, in particular e-diesel, will have to play a key role in replacing fossil fuels in shipping and thus promote climate change mitigation in this sector. However, at present, it remains uncertain whether e-diesel will indeed be utilized in the coming years, further adding to the challenge...

Green hydrogen emerges as a promising solution to the intermittency of renewable energy resources, offering storage and transport capabilities essential for a sustainable energy future. However, establishing a viable supply chain poses challenges due to high conversion costs and logistical...

This paper compares the potential of three countries Morocco, Chile, and Australia to export green hydrogen to the European Union (EU). The three countries are ranked relative to each other based on ten indicators: • The estimated levelized cost of green hydrogen delivery over time • The...