This paper uses the 1984 Workplace Industrial Relations Survey to consider the impact of union presence upon the interestablishment adoption of new microelectronic process technologies. A positive, well-determined and robust relationship between union recognition and adoption is evident. This...

This paper addresses the problem of representing noncausality between two sets of cointegrated variables. In this case, maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters may be derived based on Johansen's approach. Likelihood ratio tests for noncausality are derived, which are different depending...

In this paper, the author discusses the appropriateness of treating explanatory variables of a single-equation error correction model as being weakly exogenous. He restates the derivation of the error correction model, and particularly the single-equation conditional error correction model, both...

This paper uses three-year panel data to identify the sources of income inequality in rural Pakistan. The paper first decomposes total rural income among five sources: agricultural, livestock, rental, nonfarm, and transfer. This decomposition shows that agricultural income makes the largest...

A cointegration test statistic based upon estimation of an error-correction model can be approximately normally distributed when no cointegration is present. By contrast, the equivalent Dickey-Fuller statistic applied to residuals from a static relationship has a nonstandard asymptotic...

A unified framework to derive the distribution of conventional statistics under a unit root is presented. It is based on formulae which can generate (analytically as well as numerically) the densities and distributions of statistics such as the t ratio, the normalized autocorrelation...