We first show that quality of consumption is an important determinant of fertility and labor supply. Taking this observation into account and using a general equilibrium model with vertical quality differentiation and heterogeneous labor, we show how low fertility may persist. This occurs...

This paper explores in what circumstances patent owners can be expected to join unilaterally a patent pool. We develop a simple model in which owners of patents reading on a standard grant licences to competing manufacturers. Manufacturers must sink a fixed cost to enter the market for standard...

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This paper reviews and compares patent pools and intellectual property clearinghouses as alternative systems for efficient access to licensable intellectual property in a 'market for technology' (Arora et al 2001). These systems improve aid downstream research and development by economizing on...