This in-depth analysis (IDA) has been drafted to assist the European Parliament's Committees on Budgetary Control (CONT) and Budgets (BUDG) in the context of their work on an implementation report on the Rule of Law Conditionality Regulation. Based on publicly available information, it provides...

The principle of subsidiarity requires decisions to be taken at the lowest practical level of government without, however, jeopardising mutually beneficial cooperation at the supranational level. Recent decades have seen efforts to strengthen the subsidiarity principle in EU law, including the...

Based on original archival research, interviews, media sources and wide ranging academic literature, this study focuses on the European Parliament's leading and agenda-setting role in the process of European monetary integration. Important initiatives included the 1962 Van Campen Report on the...

The European Parliament played a fundamental role in reshaping the political landscape of central and eastern Europe during and after the end of the Cold War, setting out an agenda for European enlargement and substantiating European integration. Amid an atmosphere that signalled the triumph of...

Originating in national police and intelligence circles in the early 2000s, the concept of 'radicalisation' quickly attracted the attention of EU policymakers and became the preferred framework for analysing what it is that brings individuals and groups to terrorism. There is no uniform...

Space holds promise for both economic prosperity and the attainment of strategic goals. The EU's future role in space is contingent on fast-changing geopolitical dynamics, which can range from peaceful cooperation to heightened competition or conflict among global powers. Given the importance of...

This study explores the design of future Framework Programmes for Research and Innovation (R&I) in the European Union. Employing a foresight methodology - comprising a literature review, case studies, scenarios and foresight workshops with stakeholders - the study examines prevailing discourses...

This study provides a general overview of the procedures before the two courts within the Court of Justice of the European Union - the Court of Justice and the General Court. It focuses on the preliminary reference procedure, the action for infringement of EU law, the action for annulment, the...

Academic freedom is widely recognised as a fundamental value of contemporary higher education and research, and is often presented as a prerequisite for well-functioning democratic societies. However, in recent years, major concerns have been expressed by various stakeholders about the state of...