The enactment of Retail Trade Liberalization Act of 2000 (RA 8762), which liberalizes the Philippine retail trade business, was not based solely on the overall thrust of the government to pursue market-oriented policies. It also stemmed from the observation that the sector lacked competition....

Currency substitution implies the greater share of foreign currency in the asset holdings of domestic residents. Dollarization is the complete replacement of the local currency- in this case, the peso- by a foreign currency, most likely the US dollar. The paper finds that dollarization or...