The study of socioeconomic inequality is of prime economic and social importance, and the key quantitative gauges of socioeconomic inequality are Lorenz curves and inequality indices — the most notable of the latter being the popular Gini index. In this series of papers we present a...

We report results of a numerical analysis of the memory effects in two-dimensional Abelian sandpiles. It is found that a sandpile forgets its instantaneous configuration in two distinct stages: a fast stage and a slow stage, whose durations roughly scale as N and N2 respectively, where N is the...

We propose two simple methods that transform a force curve obtained by a surface force apparatus (SFA) into a density distribution of a liquid near a surface of the SFA probe. The transform methods are derived based on the statistical mechanics of simple liquids, where the liquid is an ensemble...

In this paper, a higher-order macroscopic model for bi-direction pedestrian flow is presented to investigate macroscopic crowd patterns of bi-direction pedestrian movement. For each group, the macroscopic model consists of two-dimensional Euler equations with relaxation and an Eikonal-type...

We present the dynamic model of the chain-reaction crash to take into account the irregularity of the perception–reaction time. When a driver brakes according to taillights of the forward vehicle, the perception–reaction time varies from driver to driver. We study the effect of the...

In this paper the geometrical features of the fluid propagation in two-dimensional petroleum reservoir described by Darcy equations are studied. The porous media are considered to be tuned by the occupancy parameter p being the probability that a pore is occupied. We analyze the statistical...

The study of socioeconomic inequality is of prime economic and social importance, and the key quantitative gauges of socioeconomic inequality are Lorenz curves and inequality indices—the most notable of the latter being the popular Gini index. In this series of papers we present a...

The cascading failure can bring a huge loss for most real-world networks; but, we cannot uncover fully the mechanism and law of the cascading events occurrence. Most networks in which the cascading failure occurred are based on the various ‘flows’, such as power, oils, and information;...

We inspect a possible clustering structure of the corruption perception among 134 countries. Using the average linkage clustering, we uncover a well-defined hierarchy in the relationships among countries. Four main clusters are identified and they suggest that countries worldwide can be quite...

This study investigates the well-documented phenomenon of phase transition in financial markets using combined information from both return and volume changes within short time intervals. We suggest a new measure for the phase transition behaviour of markets, calculated as a return distribution...