This policy note is provided as an output under the World Bank's Regional Advisory Service for Southern Africa, 'Developing a Regional Risk Financing Framework for Agriculture and Food Security'. A key objective of this advisory service is to inform the public sector in Southern Africa on...

Zimbabwe has a long history of providing subsidies to farmers. The policies that have defined these subsidies have changed over time and led periodically to significant and unsustainable pressure on fiscal resources. Agricultural subsidy costs are a main driver of recent fiscal imbalances and...

Hanoi has grown rapidly into a modern, vibrant city. However, the development of infrastructure and services has lagged behind the growth of the population. In particular, two significant water-related problems have arisen. Water pollution has become a major issue, creating a huge environmental...

Water security is vital to Moldova's economic development, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion. Moldova's water-related opportunities and risks are shaped by factors both within and outside the water sector. Rural areas are poorly served by drinking water and sanitation services...

This policy note (PN) provides an analysis of the rural finance system in Brazil. The PN aims to inform policymaking on agriculture finance policies at a relevant time for the reform agenda. Its main objective is to provide recommendations on potential reform areas for agriculture finance, in...

This document has been produced by the World Bank to underpin the Republic of Uzbekistan's 'Strategy for the Development of the Transport System until 2035' as it continues structural reforms and transitions the country to a competitive market-oriented economy. The policy paper aims to provide a...

Over the last fifteen years, Peru has mainstreamed Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) as a tool to address its infrastructure gap with 177 contracts registered since the start of the program in early 2000s and has strengthened its PPP framework through successive legal and institutional changes....

This note brings together the thinking that is occurring in global and regional teams on governance and institutional approaches to dealing with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), with a focus on revenue administrations. It presents the governance and institutional reforms that can support revenue...

As governments around the world struggle to piece together the most effective fiscal response to counter the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, some are facing constraints imposed by fiscal rules enacted in the past to ensure fiscal discipline. The outbreak has revealedthe...

The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic is exposing Brazil to an unprecedented challenge. The pandemic is expected to plunge Brazil into another recession. Although the pain of recession can be felt across the economy, smaller firms are expected to be more affected because they tend to be more...