This article reexamines an old debate over the optimality of market allocations in a symmetric mean-variance world, with production nonconvexities, imperfectly correlated outputs, and free entry. We show that Walrasian equilibrium does not exist: that non-Walrasian equilibrium under price-taking...

This article establishes the relationship between the static axiomatic theory of bargaining and the sequential strategic approach to bargaining. We consider two strategic models of alternating offers. The models differ in the source of the incentive of the bargaining parties to reach agreement:...

Using a newly constructed panel data base, we examine changes in price-cost margins in 284 manufacturing industries between 1958 and 1981. A key finding is a dramatic narrowing of the spread between the margins of concentrated and unconcentrated industries over this period. We provide evidence...

In this article we investigate the nature of equilibrium in markets in which firms choose the scale of operation before they make pricing decisions. We analyze a duopoly model in which firms choose their capacities before engaging in Bertrand-like price competition. We demonstrate that the...

Resale price maintenance (RPM) occurs when an upstream firm dictates pricing policies at subsequent stages of the distribution process. The allocative and productive effects of RPM are theoretically ambiguous, and existing empirical studies have not resolved the theoretical disputes. Utilizing...

In an experience-goods industry, an entrant who could make positive profits by providing a better deal to buyers than do incumbents may cheat buyers by providing goods of low quality to make even greater profits. If buyers foresee this possibility, they will be unwilling to buy from an entrant....

Using a sample of manufacturing industries from 1973 to 1983, this article reexamines OSHA's impact on workplace safety. Evidence supporting OSHA's effectiveness is stronger than that presented in most previous studies but remains quite mixed. Only for the incidence of lost workday injuries and...

This article examines the efficacy of intrabrand rivalry in a monopolistically competitive industry. Intrabrand rivalry through trademark licensing would result in lower prices for consumers, but would also reduce product diversity because all brands would be less profitable. Using both the...

Book review

This article develops a general econometric procedure for determining the amount of rent captured by buyers and sellers of goods produced under any market structure. We use this technique to measure the rents earned by firms involved in the extraction, transportation, and consumption of...