This paper assesses the efficiency of cross-financing new motorway or rail projects from established toll motorways as an alternative to direct public subsidies. For new motorway projects a combination of short-run marginal social cost pricing and cross-financing is the best of the alternative...

This chapter analyses the design of the Greek port reform strategy, and provides a twofold assessment of how this strategy has been implemented in practice. Following a discussion of the background of the port reforms and the new statutory formation of the Greek port system that has evolved...

The new alpine railway tunnels and the distance-dependent heavy vehicle fee (HVF) are key elements of Swiss transport policy. The tunnels are financed by the railway investment fund, which is fed mainly by a two-thirds share of the revenues from the HVF. We analyse the railway investment fund...

The Greek shipping industry, strongly internationalized, holds the first position in the world market. Domestically, a quite complicated coastal shipping network has been developed with ferry lines among continental ports fitting the definition of short-sea shipping (SSS), which is still low in...

This chapter introduces Part II of the book. It provides an overview of the five case studies of revenue use in Europe that are presented in Chapters 7-11. The first two are urban case studies that deal with the use of toll revenues and investment in Oslo, and with the rejected...

According to the celebrated cost recovery theorem, the degree of cost recovery from optimal user charges depends on the extent of scale economies in user costs, infrastructure construction costs and operating costs. This chapter presents the theorem, and reviews various generalisations of it. It...

This chapter investigates the separate earnings pattern of managers, union, and non-union employees in the U.S. rail industry during regulatory and deregulatory regimes. Such an empirical investigation is significant, in part, because economic theory does not provide an obvious prediction on...

This chapter summarises the results of the case studies and assesses their main insights. It also draws on recent experience with congestion pricing in London and elsewhere to consider the prospects of successful implementation of efficient pricing and revenue-use schemes.

During the last decade the number of Greek seamen has continuously been declining under the influence of the seafarers' employment on ocean-going shipping. Exploring the determinants of negative employment trends in the seafaring labour market, we focus on the role of wage inertia in reducing...