Some problems with the current models of arms races are pointed out, and some extensions and reformulations are proposed. Models of strategic exchange serve as building blocks for a more comprehensive variety that attempt to explain decisions about the division of national wealth into civilian...

This article presents a stress-coping-choice model of state behavior in international crisis. Competing definitions of crisis are first examined, with special reference to the differences between the Hermann and ICB definitions. Thereafter the model is specified-notably the independent variable,...

An approach to planning foreign policy systematically is presented. It is seen as an appropriate planning aid in situations where some form of goals can be stated, the subject matter is “well understood,†and potential disturbances in the patterns of interrelationship between variables...

A simple model involving five concepts-social mobilization, party system institutionalization, turmoil, internal war, and elite conflict-is specified and its structural parameters are estimated for 28 black African nations. The model is fully reciprocal, involving each concept as a function of...

It is shown that altruism is not, in general, sufficient to reduce the area of contention between two actors. Altruism can reduce or eliminate contention, leave it unchanged, or lead to a new form of contention, a contest in beneficence. Which result obtains is an empirical question. Several...