The focus of this study is the policy-making process which has as its principal output the annual U.S. defense expenditure total. A Richardson-type arms race model and a Davis, Dempster, and Wildavsky-type organizational politics model have been identified as contending but not mutually...

Two parties in a conflict situation go through cycles of interactive behavior. Their independent moves within these cycles can be scored along a dimension of hostile-conciliatory, but there exists no precise language to describe a pattern of moves and move responses. This article examines data...

Indicators of the changes in social structure which result from the industrialization of traditional societies are developed via factor analysis of data from 59 developing countries. Multiple regression is then used to investigate the relationship between industrialization, social change, and...

Historically, half of the interstate wars identified by Singer and Small have been preceded by arms racing; therefore, not all wars stem from weapons competition. Similarly, there are arms races which end pacifically. Here, considering only arms race-related conflicts, the author argues that war...