This article focuses on the future role to be played by mediation standards in view of the signing of the Singapore Convention on Mediation. It argues that the convention has elevated the standing of mediation standards from soft regulatory codes to quasi‐legal grounds impacting the...

The issue of transparency is one of the main causes of the “backlash” against investor-state arbitration that we observe today. Perceived lack of transparency has led to notorious terms such as “secret trade courts” and “proceedings behind closed doors”. During the recent years the...

U.S. assertion of political power in the World Trade Organization (WTO)'s appointment process reminds us of the tenuous balance that exists between state power, adjudication and legitimacy in WTO dispute settlement. Even more fundamentally, it prompts questions about whether reformation of...

We use Hammond and Axelrod's (2006) agent-based model of ethnocentrism to show how people's willingness to cooperate with outsiders is affected by mutually beneficial exchange. In environments where one person gains at the expense of others (‘charity economies'), we find discrimination to be a...

A variety of theories attempt to explain why some individuals radicalize along religious lines. Few studies, however, have jointly put these diverse hypotheses under empirical scrutiny. Focusing on Muslim–Christian tensions in Kenya, we distill salient micro-, meso-, and macro-level hypotheses...