It is widely reported for many countries, including the UK, that <italic>income</italic> velocity has been highly variable around a declining trend in recent years. This paper advances the following hypothesis. The demand for credit and hence the broad money stock are influenced by total spending in the economy,...

The nature of the internationalisation-growth-inequality nexus is very complex; and therefore, not surprisingly, there is no consensus on whether increasing openness to trade leads to higher inequality or not -- in fact, there is even no full understanding on the impact of the openness on the...

This paper outlines a theory of what might be going wrong in the monetary SVAR (structural vector autoregression) literature and provides supporting empirical evidence. The theory is that macroeconomists may be attempting to identify structural forms that do not exist, given the true...

Ten years after its introduction, the Euro is in an existential crisis. The crisis is the outcome of economic policies that have aimed at labour market flexibility and financial integration. This paper argues, firstly, that the aggregate demand regime in the Euro area is wage led. While an...

Economic complexity can be defined as the level of interdependence between the component parts of an economy. In input--output systems interindustry connectedness is a crucial feature of analysis, and there are many different methods of measuring it. Most of the measures however, have important...

The impact of exchange rate volatility on trade flows continues to occupy the international finance literature. More recent studies have deviated from the traditional approach of using aggregate trade flows and have employed trade data at commodity level. This study investigates the impact of...

This paper provides tests of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) for members of the EU-27 not in the euro area, using multivariate and panel cointegration techniques, for the period since the introduction of the euro currency in 1999 until the end of 2009. The results indicate that long-run PPP holds...