I examine whether private education expenditures and public K-12 funding are substitutes or complements for households whose children attend public school. Using a longitudinal microdata set, the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, I estimate the response of private household expenditures on...

This paper studies the variation across countries in mortality rates due to COVID-19. A two-stage approach is used to model international data on the spread of COVID-19. The first stage applies a convergence club framework to identify clusters of countries within which the development of the...

Parental encouragement improves a child's academic performance, which reflects the individual accumulation of human capital and can prevent the child from becoming poor in the future. We provide a model to clarify the mechanism by which parental encouragement influences the child's efforts by...

The study examined the impact of structural transformation to inequality using a panel of low- and middle-income countries from 1996 - 2018. The system generalised method of moments was used to determine the effect of value-added of each sector to income inequality for the countries in the...

The disruption of supply chain due to Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine, render the prediction of agricultural output a determinant factor of economic life. We consider the predictability of agricultural output based on a set of explanatory variables, that include agricultural input, prices and...

It is often argued that immigration flows depend positively upon the GDP (a migratory pull factor) and negatively upon the exchange rate depreciations (a migratory push factor) in the destination country. However, we show that both effects depend cruciallyon the corruption level, and, to the...

Silvio Gesell argued that 'rusting' money is economically and socially beneficial; that claim has often been contended. In Part II of the paper, I concentrate on the long-run implications of his ideas. I show that introducing money depreciation in isolation may be economically non-beneficial in...

The Ramsey (1928) equation decomposes the real discount rate into the pure rate of time preference plus a term that accounts for the changing marginal utility of consumption. Discussions about the appropriate discount rate to apply in Cost Benefit Analysis sometimes refer to variations induced...

This paper examines the impact of Chinese economic growth on the real price of crude oil based on monthly time series data from 1992:01 to 2017:06 using structural vector auto-regression (SVAR). The variables of the SVAR model are global crude oil production, index of global economic activity,...

We explore the links between credit expansion, inflation, and inflation expectations, and show that active public debt management can trigger a non-interest rate channel of credit expansion. This creates incentives for the government to use debt management for promoting non-debt management...