The European Union (EU) Clean Air Directive is currently among the strictest acts of legislation worldwide concerning PM10 air pollution. The most visible result of the new PM10 legislation has been the rapid adoption of "Low Emission Zones" (LEZs), which define areas that vehicles may enter...

Weak environmental regulatory institutions in developing countries often undermine conventional command-and-control pollution control policies. As a result, these countries are increasingly experimenting with alternative approaches aimed at leveraging nonregulatory "green" pressures applied by...

This article surveys the literature on the economics of water scarcity and water demand. We examine demand estimation in diverted uses (urban, agricultural, and industrial), as well as the demand for instream uses such as recreation and habitat preservation. The article also assesses what is...