[eng] Since 1973, the pace of growth has been sharply declining in the industrialised couotries. It is unfortunately easier to observe this change of rhythm, and to identify its starting date, than to explain it. It looks as though potential growth had slowed, but nevertheless, the evolution of...

[eng] The history of the industrial capitalism shows the formation and the disintegration of economic spaces, whose national short term cycles are correlated strongly. The strengthening of such an space in Europe is enhanced by recent studies. In this paper, the precise study of the correlation...

[fre] Cette chronique présente trois approches contrastées de l'évolution de la structure sociale française : — l'étude des revenus des ménages montre qu'après une période où l'éventail des revenus se réduisait, il est en train de se rouvrir : les déciles supérieurs des ménages...

[eng] Over the past fifteen years, the banking systems of industrialized countries have had quite contrasted performances. Whereas Germany has been sheltered from trouble, the US, France, the UK Japan and Scandinavian countries have all been affected by banking crises, the depth and precise...

[eng] This article reviews macroeconomic developments in Italy and the United Kingdom after the 1992 EMS crisis. We show that these experiences are not competitive devaluations ; they are parts of successful policy mix strategies. We exhibit the contributions of various shocks (fiscal policies,...

[eng] The reduction in inequality in the educational system is not enough to cope with inequal chances Michel Forsé The net social mobility has not change in France between 1982 and 1994. Yet, in the same time, the inegality in school achievement has slowly decreased with respect to social...

[fre] Les déséquilibres qui ont affectés les économies occidentales dans les dernières décennies ont été interprétés comme le résultat d'un mauvais fonctionnement des marchés incapables d'adaptation face aux changements de l'environnement (changements de technologie,...

[eng] Until recently, the debate on the future of the German economic model generally set the supporters of labor flexibility (on the business side) against the supporters of monetary easing (on the Trade Union side). The increase in agreements on labor flexibilization during 1996, shows a...