EU law influences significantly the national law of the Member States of the EU in the field of equal treatment between men and women and the reconciliation of work, private and family life. This article presents an overview of the objectives of the EU, the current legal developments at the EU...

The purpose of this article is to take stock of recent radical changes in the legal approach to gender-based discrimination with respect to international law and particularly European Union law. The requirement to transpose European directives has obliged the French legal system to transform its...

The paper provides a synthesis of educational research devoted to the operating of co-educational classes, and assessing the impact of co-education itself. It relies on studies focussed on the interactions between teachers and pupils and between pupils themselves, and also those, less numerous,...

The integration of women into the labour market has gone through both upswings and downturns. In view of this ambivalent result, we can question the efficiency of public policies set up to overcome gender inequality and fight gender discrimination. Does a real will exist, and if so why is it so...

The evolution of the economic theories of discrimination exhibits a clear tendency towards an increased complexity. This contribution aims at examining and discussing this tendency. It contains three sections. The first deals with the neo-classical current, and shows how recent theories propose...

The article presents an analysis of the impact of children on wages in terms of the family gap in pay. After a brief presentation of the main empirical results and theoretical explanations that can be found in international literature, it analyzes, for France, the effects children have on...

According to several recent analyses, French pensioners benefit from tax expenditures of around ?11 billion; abolishing these tax deductions would allow to finance pensions and long-term care expenditures. The paper shows that tax expenditures benefiting pensioners (?12.5 billion euro, i.e....

The economic crisis of 2008-2009, the most important that France knew since the Second world war, had a significant impact on the employment situation but, in relation with the fall of the production, the observed destructions of jobs were less large this time than during the recession of...

This article attempts to determine the causes of business cycle synchronisation / desynchronisation between Tunisia and its main European partners: Germany, France and Italy. By following the changes through time of factors of business cycle comouvement, traited by empirical literature, together...

A criticism often addressed to the French system of collective bargaining is that it would respond to a logic of protection of the rights of the insiders and would attribute to the state the burden of outsiders. The economic recession which explodes in 2008 is a significant experience since the...