This paper describes the possible impact of multi-speed integration on the location of economic activities in Europe. We present a model where two countries integrate their economies and leave a third temporarily outside because of its lower income. We analyse the effect of different integration...

Cet article est destiné à montrer quelques aspects importants de processus de changement hors de l’équilibre ; en particulier la distorsion de la capacité productive associée à un changement structurel et ses effets au cours du temps. Il est mis en évidence, à titre d’exemple, qu'un...

This paper examines the impact of trade and capital movements on French employment and relative wages. It provides three results. First, trade has a modest impact on total employment. Second, trade has a strong impact on relative wages; the paper provides evidence supporting the saying that...