As Vietnam's fourth largest urban area, Da Nang is expected to grow exponentially in the next two decades. The Da Nang priority infrastructure investment project which operates in a challenging governance environment has introduced a number of innovative Governance and Anti-Corruption (GAC)...

The objectives of the gender needs assessment study is to add value to and complement the Post Conflict Fund (PCF) supported conflict; and to add to the body of knowledge regarding women, men and their families affected by the conflict as well as the government's policies in addressing this...

Over the past decade plus, Community Driven Development (CDD) has proven to be an effective strategy for promoting the development of small-scale infrastructure. Indeed, by involving community members in decision-making processes and project implementation, the CDD approach increases community...

Agriculture is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions accounting for approximately 14 percent of total GHG emissions. However, unlike other sectors such as transport or energy, agriculture is potentially a significant carbon 'sink'. Moreover, because the majority of GHG...

Fiscal decentralization provides the link between incentives for better performance of the local government and the elected support from the citizens and is, therefore, essential for an effective system of decentralization. The purpose of this note is to elucidate components of a well-designed...

Carbon finance projects are often intended to be both a payment for an environmental service (PES) and an instrument to facilitate sustainable development in developing countries. To enhance livelihood objectives, these projects should benefit rural land users, provided they are willing and able...

Millions of men, women and children are victims of human trafficking for sexual, forced labor and other forms of exploitation worldwide. The human and economic costs of this take an immense toll on individuals and communities. By conservative estimates, the cost of trafficking in terms of...

For the purposes of this note, forced displacement refers to the situation of persons who are forced to leave or flee their homes due to conflict, violence, or persecution. Those displaced can either be refugees outside their country of nationality or be people displaced inside their country of...

This paper focuses on the experience of the national-level adaptation planning efforts and the lessons that can be derived for more effective adaptation from an examination of local governance of development and natural resources. After examining national level adaptation plans, particularly the...

The objective of this note is to provide guidance to the World Bank task teams engaged in supporting decentralization reform on useful approaches to understanding the broader political dynamics which may affect their operations and dialogue. It does this by synthesizing lessons from an analysis...