This paper proposes a "logical experiment", illustrating how alternative international monetary systems may produce opposite results in the global economy. In the current organisation, "key currencies" work as international money. Keynes, by contrast, proposed that this role should be assigned...

The paper investigates the diversified patterns of outsourcing in the Lombardy region and relates them to the probability of introducing product and process innovation. Based on a large firm-level survey, we show that outsourcing processes are strongly regionally embedded and that offshoring is...

A common belief in economic growth theory is that the instability of the balanced growth path of models based on a non-neoclassical production theory, such as the Harrod-Domar or Goodwin-type models, may be removed by introducing neoclassical technology and substitutability between factors. This...

This paper presents the results of an effort to dissect 19th century economic growth in the Netherlands into two principal long run components: the domain of the trend and the domain of long waves. Spectral and cross-spectral analysis is used to identify Kondratieffs in volume series. It appears...