How much employment can be generated by decreasing payroll taxes? We examine this question by exploring the staggered rollout of a large payroll tax reform in Brazil. Using administrative matched employer-employee data, we find an increase of 5 percent on employment due to both firm growth and...

The goal of this study was to measure and map the agricultural expansion areas for temporary and permanent crops from 1995 to 2022 at the Piauí's County level concerning the Matopiba space. Data from IBGE were employed, and the study is based on the Embrapa's technical note (Miranda, Magalhães...

The management of Brazil's public debt imposes a high fiscal cost due to the burden of interest payments. A key factor contributing to the substantial cost of servicing public debt, which hinders the balance of public accounts, is the structurally high nominal and real basic interest rates. The...

The study examines the shift in taxation of open-ended fixed-income funds in Brazil from a realization basis to an accrual basis (locally known as come-cotas), which was introduced in 1998 and more recently extended to include private closed-end funds and offshore trusts through the enactment of...

We began this work by describing and analyzing socio-digital inequalities. Next, an analysis of the supply of public digital services offered by the federal government is made. Finally, we analyzed the supply of public digital services offered by municipalities. Through a set of secondary and...

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of labor earnings volatility in Brazil between 2012 and 2023. During this period, Brazil's economy experienced intense economic growth followed by large recessions, allowing us to assess changes in volatility over the business cycle. In addition,...

The objective of this discussion paper is to examine the geoeconomic landscape following the 2025 election of Donald Trump, focusing on the expansion of protectionism, its repercussions for food security, and its impacts on global value chains, particularly within agribusiness and sectors...

The original BRICS, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, plays a central role in international geopolitics and aims to strengthen the representation of emerging economies. Since its creation, the bloc has promoted initiatives aimed at reducing the West's hegemony in global...

This article deals with three major issues. The first is digital transformation in the context of a smart city seeking continuous action to leverage technologies to improve the design and delivery of services. The second is resilience. The third is sustainable development, defined as one that...

At the end of 2022, Brazil's National Land Transport Agency (ANTT) launched a public hearing on the proposal for a new risk allocation model in road infrastructure concession contracts. This study illustrates, using the real options methodology, how the proposed design modifies the concession's...