The objective of this text is to identify different models of organization of pharmaceutical services (PS) in outpatient care and factors that influence this organization. A comparative analysis of the forms of PS organization in outpatient care adopted by 25 countries was carried out. To do so,...

Investment Screening Mechanisms (ISM) are legal rules created to control and assess the entry of direct investments from foreign jurisdictions. This discussion paper is premised on the observation of a marked increase in the institutionalization and implementation of ISM in recent years,...

Infrastructure is traditionally considered a necessary condition for a country’s economic development. However, despite so many arguments in favor of the importance of infrastructure for productivity, growth and welfare, the empirical literature on the impact of infrastructure is...

Ride-hailing services from companies such as Uber, DiDi and 99 have significantly changed travel behavior in cities across the globe. Despite the common presence of these services in Brazilian cities, there is still little information about who are the users of these services in the country,...

The recent health crisis installed around the world because of the covid-19 pandemic has once again brought the debate on issues related to the development, production, and access to health technologies to the center of the government agenda. In Brazil, it exposed the national vulnerability due...

It is proposed a broad two-tier income-contingent financing system for postsecondary students, designed for public and private providers and consisting of both income-contingent loans (ICLs) and income share agreements (ISAs), with repayments to be collected by the Federal Revenue System (FRS)....

The 'Image of the Unsatisfactory Bureaucrat' portrays a mischief as socially and culturally uniform. It gives the impression that the inconveniences, nuisances or frustrations in dealing with State agencies would have a one-cause explanation, i.e., traits of personality or conduct of the...

In this study, we identify the hydrogen investments and the main routes of hydrogen production in Brazil. We focus on sustainable hydrogen that is obtained from renewable energy sources or using carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to neutralize emissions. The identified results...

This discussion paper analyzes the catching-up and leapfrogging strategies implemented in China as a mechanism to overcome the middle-income trap. For this, it adopts the theoretical and methodological framework of the sectorial innovation system and the technological catch-up according to the...

Public transport systems have been losing demand over the last twenty years because mainly growth of individual motorized transport and the real increase in public transport fare prices. The problem is that urban mobility systems are becoming less sustainable. Transport externalities such as...