The Brazilian state is often viewed as inefficient and captured by economic interest groups and bureaucratic elites, leading to crony capitalism and clientelism. This has hindered the implementation of growth-inducing economic policies and contributed to a decline in productivity and economic...

This paper focuses on the use of imported inputs and on the importance of export revenues to Brazilian manufacturing firms and points out the implications of these results from the viewpoint of the insertion of the Brazilian industry in global value chains. It is based on information from the...

A common explanation for the poor performance of entrepreneurs in developing economies is their inability to obtain credit to expand their scale of operation. This paper assesses the aggregate impacts of the Cartão BNDES, a credit line targeted at small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Brazil,...

This report consists of two parts. In this first part, I analyze the emergence of large oligopolies in the telecommunications sector in China, mainly showing how this was a strategy to strengthen national companies (indigenous companies) that manufacture telecommunications equipment, which...

The study aims to contribute to the debate on social welfare in Brazil through an analysis focused on the normative action of the State on the subject from October 1988 until September 2022. October 1988 marks the date when a new, democratic constitution was enacted, which defined social...

Transportation costs are an under-appreciated barrier to political participation. Here we examine whether a large-scale intervention to lower these costs, the adoption of a fare-free transit policy on Election Day in Brazil, increases voter turnout. Taking into account the different timing of...

Indigenous peoples of different ethnic groups have occupied areas of Brazilian territory since a period before the Brazilian State. On numerous occasions, these peoples were forced to withdraw from areas they occupied. For these reasons, the Statute of the Indigenous and the Federal Constitution...

This Discussion Paper aims to analyze the constraints linked to the individual characteristics of the worker, such as gender, race or color, education and age group, as well as characteristics of the labor market, such as, type of employment relationship and sector of economic activity, related...

This study examines the importance of Voluntary Sustainability Standards (VSS) in increasing Brazilian fruit exports. The adherence of producers to VSS is crucial due to the sensitivity of these products to quality, food safety, and sustainability, especially for accessing developed importing...