In order to obtain concrete results, we focus on estimation of the treatment specific mean, controlling for all measured baseline covariates, based on observing independent and identically distributed copies of a random variable consisting of baseline covariates, a subsequently assigned binary...

Semiparametric methods have been developed to increase efficiency of inferences in randomized trials by incorporating baseline covariates. Locally efficient estimators of marginal treatment effects, which achieve minimum variance under an assumed model, are available for settings in which...

Despite the heightened interest in developing biomarkers predicting treatment response that are used to optimize patient treatment decisions, there has been relatively little development of statistical methodology to evaluate these markers. There is currently no unified statistical framework for...

We performed an empirical study to evaluate the effect of mismeasured continuous confounders on the estimation of the causal parameter when using marginal structural models and inverse probability-of-treatment weighting. By executing an extensive simulation using 500 randomly generated parameter...

This article describes an extension of multiple contrast tests to the case of multiple, correlated endpoints. These endpoints are assumed to be normally distributed with different scales and variances. Unlike in previous articles, the covariance matrices are also assumed to be unequal for the...

Sibling studies have become increasingly popular because they provide better control over confounding by unmeasured family-level risk factors than can be obtained in standard cohort studies. However, little attention has been devoted to the development of efficient design strategies for sibling...

Tests for trend are important in a number of scientific fields when trends associated with binary variables are of interest. Implementing the standard Cochran–Armitage trend test requires an arbitrary choice of scores assigned to represent the grouping variable. Bartholomew proposed a test for...

Although the trade-off between the two misclassifications (false-positive fraction and false-negative fraction), corresponding to type I and type II error in statistical hypothesis testing based on Neyman–Pearson lemma, to determine the optimal cutoff in the province of evaluating the accuracy...

New data are available in the field of risk assessment: the biomonitoring data which is measurement of the chemical dose in a human tissue (e.g. blood or urine). These data are original because they represent direct measurements of the dose of chemical substances really taken up from the...

In practice, nuisance parameters in statistical models are often replaced by estimates based on an external source, for instance if estimates were published before or a second dataset is available. Next these estimates are assumed to be known when the parameter of interest is estimated, a...