This paper offers a survey of the economic literature on the policy challenges and options available to improve energy efficiency. We emphasize energy efficiency in buildings since it has the largest potential impact in terms of emission of reduction on the demand side and since this impact is...

Bela Balassa's Theory of Economic Integration, published fifty years ago, is a remarkable, yet little known book. This essay reviews developments in the economic literature and in the process of European integration since the book's publication, showing that it was incredibly prescient. It...