Over the last three decades, California has implemented a variety of regulatory and legislative measures aimed at reducing the demand for energy, through encouraging more efficient consumption. These programs have attracted widespread interest because state electricity consumption per capita has...

As policy makers across the world seek to mitigate the growth in our demand for energy, examples of populations that appear to have achieved this end are of widespread interest. Since the early 1970s, electricity consumption per capita in California has stayed nearly constant, while rising...

In the transition to a sustainable global economy, market organization is challenged by the recent financial and economic crises. However, at the instance of the European Union's Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) [2] accounting for 66% of all dioxide of carbon (CO2) traded worldwide - major...

Carbon derivatives could have a strong positive effect in multiplying resources. At the same time they are also a strong transmission mechanism to concentrate risks into banks and back to non-financial actors. However, in the current European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) carbon derivatives...

Physics shows that energy is necessary for economic production and, therefore, economic growth but the mainstream theory of economic growth, except for specialized resource economics models, pays no attention to the role of energy. This paper reviews the relevant biophysical theory and...

Crude oil prices have been fluctuating over time and by a large range. It is the disorganization of oil price series that makes it difficult to deduce the changing trends of oil prices in the middle- and long-terms and predict their price levels in the short-term. Following a price-state...

This paper aims to examine the impacts of oil-price shocks on China's price levels. To that end, we develop a partial transmission input-output model that captures the uniqueness of the Chinese market. We hypothesize and simulate price control, market factors and technology substitution - the...

This study analyzes the effects of eliminating fuel subsidies on the labour market, focusing on oil producing countries with significantly underpriced fuel commodities. The Islamic Republic of Iran is used as a case study. Two alternative options are analyzed, with the extra revenue from subsidy...

A real choice exists today on a number of discoveries between platform-based or subsea development solutions. Statistics from the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) show that fields developed with fixed platforms have a substantially higher recovery factor. The potential for a later commitment to...

By using a vector autoregressive model, this paper decomposes labor productivity of the Italian energy sector, into technological and non technological shocks. We take the approach to use economic theory about long-run impacts of different shocks to identify the empirical model, and to measure...