We discuss how to measure allocative efficiency without presuming technical efficiency. This is relevant when it is easier to introduce reallocations than improvements of technical efficiency. We compare the approach to the traditional one of assuming technical efficiency before measuring...

This working paper describes the design of KRAM; a model of the Danish agricultural sector that has been developed in a research project at KVL between 1997 and 2000. The purpose of this paper is to give a general and non-technical overview of the model. The paper is directed at people who want...

Since March 1999 the two largest dairy cooperatives of Denmark, MD FOODS and KLOVER MAELK have merged after a long relationship ranging from joint ventures (such as the P-AMBA and M-AMBA companies) to various alleged price wars. We point out that the main reasons for merger from the point of...

We analyse how the aggregation of production processes affects efficiency evaluations. A production unit can be inefficient even though all its production processes are efficient. We show how to test if observed "inefficiencies" may be caused by an aggregation and how to correct efficiency...

The development of a third world country requires a conscious balance between different planning and policy issues, such as population growth rate, gross national income, self reliance and long-term sustainable ecological development. This paper reports on a cross-disciplinary project to design...