Excessive pricing is one of the most controversial topics in competition law. Notwithstanding excessive pricing being one of the most blatant forms of abuse, a non-intervention policy tends to be the prevalent choice worldwide. Such a “hands-off” approach is based on the grounds that...

Dynamic efficiencies theoretically bear greater potential than static efficiencies. Yet, their role in merger control is limited, not least due to difficulties in their practical implementation. At the same time, the new EC Merger Control Regulation (ECMR) and the Commission's Horizontal Merger...

Protection of consumer welfare is a central pillar of competition law enforcement. Although not the sole goal pursued by competition law, such protection – preventing unjustified transfer of wealth from consumers to producers – is a common feature of modern competition regimes. In the...