In all Central and East European Countries (CEEC) the first phase of transformation comprised the dissolution and fragmentation of the socialist S&T system through top-down and bottom-up processes, and was linked to S&T personnel being cutback to approximately 20 to 50% of the former peak level....

Social entities create institutional frameworks, i.e. internal systems of rules which govern (but do not control) the actions of their members. Both scientific communities and scientific organisations are social entities whose institutional frameworks include rules promoting internal...

Gegenstand der Studie ist die Veränderung der Anwendungsbezüge der ostdeutschen außeruniversitären Grundlagenforschung (GF) im Gefolge des Institutionentransfers. Das forschungspolitische System der DDR praktizierte eine durchgehende hierarchische Steuerung mit einer geringen formalen...

One condition for the stability of democratic systems is the development of a political culture that is congruent with the implemented structure. As the presented data shows, in unified Germany this kind of congruence exists only in West Germany. In East Germany a majority of citizens is...

Disasters are not only random events. They are also the product of the interaction between man and nature on the one hand, the dynamics of collective action within and between societies on the other. These disasters are the field of activity of humanitarian organizations which have gained in...

Mit einem dynamischen Ansatz untersuchen wir Beschäftigung und Arbeitslosigkeit in der Europäischen Union. Ausgehend von der Theorie der Übergangsarbeitsmärkte werden die vielfältigen Brücken in Beschäftigung, aber auch der Verlust von Beschäftigung untersucht. Zunächst wird die...

This paper discusses the recently coined concept of flexicurity. It is outlined how this concept gained importance in legislative and labour market policy reform in the Netherlands, linking a number of previously separated areas of policy-making such as flexibilization and deregulation of the...

Over the last few years, benchmarking advanced to a key word in organisational development and change management. Originally, benchmarking was a tool in business studies summarising the process of comparing your own with a similar organisational unit (mostly the competitor) in order to improve...

Arbeitszeitverkürzung, einst der Schlüsselbegriff in der beschäftigungs- politischen Debatte der 80er Jahre, ist heute eher in den Hintergrund getreten. Für diese Entwicklung scheinen eine Reihe von Argumenten zu existieren: Kann tatsächlich von einer gegebenen Bereitschaft zur...

This discussion paper reports the meeting held to analyse the implications of the election of the New Labour Government in the UK, in May 1997. The aim of this round table discussion was to draw together a range of experts who could address particular scientific questions and draw out their...