Indian remains one of the countries wherein a lot of efforts are still required to eliminate the practice of open defecation. In rural areas, open defecation though reduced in scale continues to be a socially and culturally accepted traditional behavior largely. Low awareness of the potential...

This study follows current approaches to political economy-interdisciplinary inquiry drawing upon social and political theory and economic principles-to understand how political actors, institutions, and economic processes influence each other. The 'political economy of sanitation,' therefore,...

According to the 2010 Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) update household access to sanitation facilities has increased faster in rural Rwanda than in any other country in Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost four million people gained access to improved sanitation between 1990 and 2008. 54 percent of the...

In Kenya, community run small-scale water systems play a critical role in supplying and improving access to water services in peri-urban and rural areas. This is largely because municipally-owned water services providers currently supply only 25 per cent of the country's population and 39 per...