Effective management of sanitation and wastewater is a growing challenge in dense urban settlements. Rapidly increasing urbanization and, along with that, rising settlement densities in low-income urban and peri-urban areas highlight the need for sanitation technologies and management systems...

The Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) of the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) commenced in East Asia and the Pacific region in 2006 to generate and disseminate economic evidence on sanitation. A phase one study in five countries of the region, including Indonesia, assessed...

The present report spotlights the major challenges and the opportunities that lie ahead in fecal sludge management and summarizes the findings from four case studies that describe the current and potential market for sludge removal, collection, and disposal in peri-urban areas. These areas,...

This study evaluates the costs and benefits of technical sanitation options and programs in Yunnan Province, China, as part of the Economics of Sanitation Initiative (ESI) conducted by the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program in East Asia. As an underdeveloped province, Yunnan has achieved...

This study follows current approaches to political economy-interdisciplinary inquiry drawing upon social and political theory and economic principles-to understand how political actors, institutions, and economic processes influence each other. The 'political economy of sanitation,' therefore,...

In India, Water and Sanitation Program's (WSP's) global scaling up rural sanitation program is supporting the Government of India's (GoI) Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) in two states: Himachal Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. TSC is an ambitious countrywide, scaled-up rural sanitation program...

In December 2006, in response to the preventable threats posed by poor sanitation and hygiene, the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) launched two large-scale projects, global scaling up handwashing and global scaling up rural sanitation, to improve the health and welfare outcomes for millions...

Between 1996 and 2005, natural catastrophic events had an estimated cost of US$575.2 billion world-wide. In particular, it has been observed that developing countries are relatively more affected by such events, since its gross domestic product (GDP) have showed sharper declines than developed...

The report draws on a Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) study from 2008 which made a comparative analysis of 23 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)-looking at seven cities in detail and another 16 based on secondary data-to understand the factors affecting cost recovery in India and provide an indication...