This paper studies the evolution of Spanish regional inequality from 1860 to 1930. The results point to the coexistence of two basic forces behind changes in regional economic inequality: industrial specialization and labor productivity differentials. The initial expansion of industrialization,...

To what extent were land markets the cause of Spanish agrarian backwardness? This paper uses new provincial data on average real land prices, together with provincial level variation in land productivity, to analyse land markets efficiency. To address this unresolved issue, we test whether land...

From a long-term perspective, technological innovation could have come from local or domestic inventive and research activity, or from the transfer of foreign technology. In reality either option produces similar effects and often it was a combination of both which drove the historical...

Spain’s financial position during the late 19th and early 20th century has usually been presented as one of persistent deficit on current account, which resulted from her integration into international commodity and factor markets and this, in turn, slowed down growth. In this essay a...

The 1970s saw an explosion of financial innovations, both in instruments and strategies, which altered radically financial structures and financial decisionmaking worldwide. These transformations reversed four decades characterized by the absence of significant innovations in the banking...

Este artículo tiene como principal objetivo contabilizar la presencia del capital británico en el desarrollo de los ferrocarriles españoles de vía ancha. Aunque es ampliamente conocido el papel abrumador que jugaron los capitales franceses en la expansión ferroviaria en España, algunos...

This paper presents new estimates of Italian regional GDP for the years 1871, 1881 1891, 1901, 1911, 1938 and 1951. This allows us to draw a long term picture of regional development of the country, from the years following national unification to the advent of Euro in 2001.

The aim of this paper is to present and discuss the pattern of regional inequality in Italy, from the end of the nineteenth century until our days. Value added estimates for the Italian regions, in benchmark years from 1891 until 1951, are linked to those from official figures available from...

Asistimos en la actualidad a la finalización del proceso de liberalización del sector eléctrico que se inició a finales del siglo XX. Durante más de cincuenta años esta actividad estuvo fuertemente regulada, pero no siempre fue así. El retorno a un mercado de libre competencia y...

If we compare the Castilian fiscal system with English, French or Dutch, two basic differences are apparent: in one hand, in England, France and Holland the fiscal system was a mixture of indirect taxes and direct taxes and in the other hand, the financial revolution had been carried out in the...