Commercial regulations of the Hispanic monarchy gave great importance to the relations between the metropolis and its colonies. In times of war, Spain was not able to supply her colonies by its own means. Her incapacity of maintaining the imperial communications forced Spanish government to open...

The object of this study is to use documentation on patents as a partial technology indicator, and, above all, as an investment indicator in new technologies in order to analyze the formation, evolution and characterization of the Spanish technological system during the 19th and the beginning of...

We claim that the exogenous decline of adult mortality at the end of the seventeenth century can be one of the causes driving both the decline of interest rate and the increase in agricultural production per acre in preindustrial England. Following the intuition of the life-cycle hypothesis, we...

Based on an in-depth study of the northern Spanish economy in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, this paper argues that commercial expansion was a major source of the diverging performance of European regions. It develops an approach that integrates insights from more recent trade theory...

This paper shows the relevance of the strong and changing presence of the so-called fiscal products throughout European trade history, the bigger index number problems in periods and countries with higher levels and shares of manufacture tariffs in total imports and the different association...

Contrasting the iron law of the principle of comparative advantages as the determinant of the international division of labour has attracted dissidents to the international trade paradigm over the years. Spanish Bessemer steel is an outstanding comparative advantage enigma which stands to be...

La transferencia de tecnología es uno de los factores más importantes para que los países relativamente atrasados pueden converger con los países más avanzados. En este aspecto es deseable que los países más atrasados copien la tecnología de aquellas naciones con un alto nivel...

¿Qué tipos de factores influyen en el comportamiento de los consumidores? La respuesta no es fácil. Los factores que determinan las pautas del consumo familiar son bastantes y muy heterogéneos. En principio, cabe distinguir aquellos relacionados con variables económicas, es decir aquellos...

Con este trabajo se pretende mostrar que el escaso desarrollo del crédito cooperativo en España, la solución más adecuada a los problemas habituales de la banca formal en el mundo rural, se debió a los problemas organizativos de las propias cooperativas. Estas no usaron eficazmente los...

Con este trabajo se pretende mostrar que el escaso desarrollo del crédito cooperativo en España, la solución más adecuada a los problemas habituales de la banca formal en el mundo rural, se debió a los problemas organizativos de las propias cooperativas. Estas no usaron eficazmente los...