Limitation periods represent a legal safeguard for a person who has once broken the law in order not to be put at risk of sanctions and other legal liabilities for an indefinite amount of time. By contrast, public interest can sometimes require that a person who has committed a serious breach of...

The European Commission published a White Paper on 2 April 2008 on damages actions for breach of EU antitrust rules. The content of the White Paper is since then being prepared to be converted into EU legislation on private antitrust enforcement. This paper presents the developments in private...

In network industries, a Universal Service Obligation (USO) is often seen as a burden on an incumbent, which requires compensation for the net cost of such service provision. This paper estimates the effects of consumer loyalty as an intangible benefit of USO in the postal sector. In doing so,...

The aim of this paper is to present an Indefeasible Right of Use (IRU) as a possible remedy for telecom infrastructure EU projects that (in Poland) have been lagged behind the time. Thanks for IRU, Beneficiaries of these EU projects will be able to save both: time and money and will finish...

Postal services in Poland are governed by the Postal Law Act of 2003 (in Polish: Prawo Pocztowe) which maintains the monopoly of the public operator Poczta Polska with respect of letters weighing up to 50 grams. However, Poland will have to fully liberalize its postal services market by 31...

The article presents key developments in Polish antitrust legislation and jurisprudence of 2011. Its legislative part focuses on the renewal of Polish Group Exemption Regulations for vertical agreements, specialization and R&D agreements as well as cooperation agreements in the insurance sector....

The Polish Aviation Law Act of 3 July 2002 was amended six times in 2011. The only major change introduced in this period resulted from the Amendment Act to the Aviation Law Act of 30 June 2011, most of which entered into force 30 days after its publication. In fact, changes introduced thereby...

This paper will be devoted to the most acute point of intersection between sector specific regulation and the enforcement of competition law – a parallel scrutiny of the market position and behaviour of EMITEL TP, an incumbent infrastructure holder in the Polish broadcasting transmission...

Several major changes were introduced into Polish rail transport law in 2009. As it is often the case with legislative changes of recent years, most of the amendments were inspired by European law. The transposition deadlines for several major directives passed in 2009 accompanied by the entry...

The Global Competition Law Centre (GCLC), a research centre of the College of Europe, held on 13 March 2009 in Warsaw its first Natolin competition law conference entitled ‘New Tendencies, New Tools and New Enforcement Methods from an EC and Polish Perspective’. The conference was opened by...