There is a growing consensus that sovereign debt challenges in Africa are no longer only an issue of poor debt contraction and management practices, but that the sovereign debt architecture itself needs reform. Drawing on existing data, the literature and interviews with experts this study...

As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

As part of a two-volume series, this report provides a critical analysis of NATO's north-eastern flank - Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - as a vital bulwark against evolving Russian threats. It examines how the four countries have transitioned from post-Soviet vulnerabilities into pivotal...

Over the past 15 years, green industries have developed rapidly in China, and with an increasingly saturated domestic market, Chinese companies have intensified their search for overseas markets. The Chinese government is supporting that pursuit under the Green Belt and Road Initiative. This...

Denne rapport beskriver, hvordan der er stor interesse i at udbygge det europæiske forsvarssamarbejde - særligt på baggrund af en forsvarsindustriel prioritering. Den europæiske højrefløj får stadig større opbakning og stadig større indflydelse, men har historisk set været i opposition...

Over the past ten years, and without a lot of public or political attention, space has become a site of commercial investment and development. Already much in our daily lives depends on growing satellite systems, crowding Earth's orbit, for communication, navigation, weather information, and the...

The Russian war on Ukraine brought many surprises, one of which was the establishment of the International Legion for Defence of Ukraine. Thousands of international volunteers from numerous countries including Denmark flocked to join the legion - some veterans from their national armies, some...

Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...

The complexities of multipolarity, heightened global tensions, and increasing militarisation are reshaping the disarmament, arms control and non-proliferation landscape within the United Nations. This report examines these evolving dynamics, contextualising their historical importance and...

The past decade ushered in an almost historic backslide towards more autocratic forms of governance. Today, for the first time in almost thirty years, the world has more closed autocracies than liberal democracies, and the past two years alone have seen nine new countries move into this...