Companies, not governments, are at the cutting edge of developing new artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for military use, and regulation needs to keep pace with these advances. Yet geopolitical tension is undermining international cooperation on AI in the military domain. This paper...

Canada's strategy for its commitment to substantially increasing defence spending over the period to 2035 will face challenges; its ability to have its defence industrial base to fill that demand is impacted by Canada's existing capacity; in an innovation-intensive era defined by machine...

For most of its history, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) has occupied a discreet but powerful position within the global financial architecture as the "central bank of central banks." In the twenty-first century, however, the BIS has quietly assumed a new and far more ambitious...

Cross‑border data transfers underpin the modern digital economy, enabling global trade, innovation and collaboration in an increasingly interconnected world. The regulatory regimes governing these transfers have become more complex and fragmented, shaped by competing imperatives of privacy,...

As spacefaring rapidly expands to include more and different kinds of stakeholders, activities, benefits and risks, we need to think more broadly about what we are doing in space, especially through social, environmental and ethical lenses. What do we want from space? How should benefits and...

S. Yash Kalash explores the evolving relationship between geopolitical transformations and technological innovation, and their combined impact on the future of global financial assets and systems. Through a scenario-based methodology, he examines three plausible geopolitical configurations - a...

The US dollar's dominance in international trade and finance is facing threats from increasingly fractured global economic and financial systems. The foundation of the US dollar, built on the American economy's strength in world trade, the liquidity of its financial markets and accessibility of...

This paper examines the evolving landscape of digital privacy, decentralization and digital assets in the twenty-first century. It explores the transformative impact of those technologies - driven by the exponential growth of semiconductors - in the past decades on the widespread adoption of...

The volatile value of digital assets, especially crypto-assets, makes them risky options for investors. This inherent risk limits both their market size and the purposes for which they are used, thus reducing the possibility of systemic risk arising. But digital assets and the mainstream...

This paper considers possible futures for the international monetary system in light of recent economic and political events in the United States and globally. It contrasts scenarios pre- and post-inauguration of the second Trump administration. Earlier scenarios foresaw very gradual rebalancing...